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The Radical Republic and the Terror
The fall of the monarchy marked the triumph of popular democracy and a return to universal manhood suffrage (introduced in 1789 but abandoned in 1791).
"A warrior is always aware of what is worth fighting for. He does not go into combat over things that do not concern him, and he never wastes his time over provocations."
Paulo Coelho
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Napoleon and Europe
Napoleon had been made a general in 1793 at the age of twenty-four. Two years later, he made a name for himself by putting down a royalist uprising in Paris.
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The Industrial Revolution and the Birth of Capitalism
The Industrial Revolution refers to the era in which economic production shifted from the use of hand tools to the use of power machinery, fueled primarily by coal and steam.
VIDEOS
Locksley Hall (First Part) by Alfred, Lord Tennyson
Locksley Hall (Second Part) by Alfred, Lord Tennyson
The Impact of the Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution began in England but spread quickly to the rest of the world. Although the most important early inventions occurred in England, others followed elsewhere: In the United States, there was Robert Fulton’s steamship and Cyrus McCormick’s reaper, which revolutionized the harvesting of wheat, as well as the development of chemical fertilizers by Justus von Liebig and other German chemists.
Why no Revolution in 1848 in Britain
1848: The Peoples’ Spring
The year 1848 in Europe is sometimes called the Peoples’ Spring because, in the course of a few months, popular revolts and revolutions occurred all over Europe. These began in France but affected virtually every country except England and Russia. Monarchies were overthrown, constitutions proclaimed, or national independence declared in France, Austria, Hungary, Bohemia, Germany, Italy, and elsewhere.