Author: Jorge Rodrigues Simão

The European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom)   The main objective of the European Atomic Energy Community Treaty (EA Treaty) (as indicated in Article 1 EA) was to create “the conditions necessary for the speedy establishment...

The Messina Conference   In June 1955 in Messina (Sicily) the foreign ministers of the Contracting States of the ECSC decided to “pursue the establishment of a United Europe through the development of common institutions, a...

The Schuman Plan   Robert Schuman, the French minister for foreign affairs, followed the advice of Winston Churchill, who emphasized in his speeches that France should take Germany back into the community of nations. Schuman was...

The Marshall Plan   On 5 June 1947 at a Conference at Harvard University Truman’s Secretary of State, George C. Marshall, announced the American plan for European reconstruction. In order to eliminate “hunger, poverty,...

Introduction   With the entry into force of the Treaty of Lisbon (ToL) on 1 December 2009, the EU has commenced a new chapter in its existence.   It can be said that under the ToL the EU is more democratic than some of its...